Dual closed-loops current controller for a 4-leg shunt APF based on repetitive control

ABSTRACT

Current repetitive control strategy for a 4-leg APF is usually of a poor speed in responding to the drastic changes in load harmonic profile. In this paper, a dual closed-loop current controller composed of a repetitive control-based outer loop and a PI-based inner loop is proposed to improve the performance of a 4-leg APF, with a focus on response speed and harmonic current compensation gain. The principle of the dual loop controller is explained in detail, and the stability of the system is analysed thoroughly. To further decrease the inherent time delay associated with the PWM strategy, a zero-sequence-voltage-based PWM strategy is proposed to solve the complexity in the implementation of 3D-SVPWM methods. By formulating the relationship between the duty ratio of the neutral leg control pulse and the zero-sequence-component of the reference voltages, the duty ratios of the other three legs can be calculated conveniently. The simulation and lab experiment results are provided to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed dual closed-loop current controller and the zero-sequence-voltage-based PWM strategy.     

基于声发射和高斯混合模型的灰岩破裂特征识别研究

通过单轴压缩条件下灰岩破裂过程的声发射试验研究,利用高斯混合模型(GMM)对加载过程声发射信号波形特征进行深入分析,探索性识别灰岩破裂失稳过程的裂纹模式及其前兆特征。分析结果表明,灰岩在单轴加载过程中先后主要存在张拉和剪切两种破裂模式。其中,张拉破裂的声发射信号波形特征在AF-RA坐标空间呈现低A_F值、高R_A值分布;剪切破裂的声发射信号波形特征在AF-RA坐标空间呈现低R_A值、高A_F值,且随着应力的增加分布中心向A_F轴靠拢。GMM分析结果揭示了灰岩在整个应力加载过程中以张拉裂纹为主,在加载前中期几乎全为张拉裂纹,临近破坏阶段过渡到剪切破坏为主。剪切裂纹所占比例的最大值出现在(0.8～0.9)σ_c阶段,也是AF-RA坐标轴分布呈现最大A_F值时。研究结果可为预测早期灰岩破裂失稳提供参考,同时为深入研究识别岩石破裂失稳前兆信号特征提供了一种分析方法。     

Behavior of 316L stainless steel containing corrosion pits under cyclic loading

The environmental performance of 316L grade stainless steel, in the form of tensile specimens containing a single corrosion pit with various aspect ratios, under cyclic loading in aerated chloride solutions is investigated in this study. Results from environmental tests were compared and contrasted with those obtained using finite element analysis (FEA). Fractography of the failed specimens obtained from experiments revealed that fatigue crack initiation took place at the base of the shallow pit. The crack initiation shifted towards the shoulder and the mouth of the pit for pits of increasing depth. This process is well predicted by FEA, as the strain contour maps show that strain is the highest around the centric strip of the pit. However, for shallow pits, local strain is uniformly distributed around that strip but begins to concentrate more towards the shoulder and the mouth region for increasingly deep pits.     

爆炸载荷下空孔缺陷与爆生裂纹扩展行为研究

空孔在岩石巷道直眼掏槽爆破中具有重要作用,为研究空孔及其缺陷在爆炸荷载作用下的扩展行为和作用机理,以PMMA代替岩石材料,利用预制裂纹代替空孔缺陷,借助动态焦散线系统和理论分析为手段,研究不同间距下空孔、空孔处预制裂纹、爆生裂纹动态扩展规律及机理,分析不同"径距比"与掏槽效果的关系。研究结果表明:在装药量一定的情况下,随着炮孔与空孔距离的变化,爆生裂纹扩展距离呈现递增而预制裂纹扩展距离呈现递减的趋势,但都存在极值;当炮孔与空孔距离较小时,爆生裂纹和预制裂纹扩展及相互作用最复杂,爆生裂纹扩展经历由压缩应力波为主,表现为直线的前期扩展;由空孔处发射应力波和压缩应力波共同作用下,爆生裂纹偏离炮孔与空孔连心线的中期扩展,以及由空孔应力集中区作用使爆生裂纹向空孔方向偏移的后期阶段;预制裂纹扩展经历由空孔处应力集中作用下,表现为直线的前期扩展,以及由爆生裂纹处反射拉伸波作用使其向爆生裂纹发展的后期阶段;当炮孔与空孔距离较大时,反射应力波及应力集中效应对爆生裂纹和预制裂纹扩展在减弱,爆生裂纹与预制裂纹扩展行为仅有前期直线扩展阶段。"径距比"的大小对爆破效果影响较大,直眼掏槽爆破应以最优"径距比"作为掏槽爆破参数设计的依据。     

某340矫直机上辊快开机构裂纹原因分析及预防措施

340管线矫直机是太原重工成熟产品,在国内占有较大市场,并出口印度、印尼、缅甸、埃及等国际市场。出口印度矫直机在质保期内出现主缸裂纹问题,为探明问题原因并杜绝类似情况发生,快开机构设计静强度分析、疲劳强度分析及生产加工过程等方面探查裂纹原因并提出几点预防措施。     

Application of differential evolution for cascaded multilevel VSI with harmonics elimination PWM switching

Harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (HEPWM) method has been widely applied to multilevel voltage source inverter (MVSI) to remove low frequency harmonics from its output voltage. However, the computation of the HEPWM switching angles for MVSI is very challenging due to several constraints, namely angle sequencing, very tight angular spacing and the numerous possibilities of angles distribution ratio. Realizing the potential of Differential Evolution (DE) to handle complex problems, this work proposes its application to solve the HEPWM problem for cascaded MVSI. Its emphasis is on improving the availability of HEPWM for higher output voltage by extending the maximum range of modulation index (M). It also removes the discontinuities in the switching angles and reduces the number of distribution ratio required to obtain the required solution. Compared to the most advanced (similar) work, i.e., 7-level MVSI with seventeen switching angles, DE covers a wider range of M; the maximum achievable M is 2.80. Furthermore, it exhibits very low second order distortion factor (DF₂): for the worst case, the value of DF₂ is 0.0014%. To verify the viability of the proposed algorithm, simulation is carried out and hardware prototype is constructed. Both results show very good agreement with the theoretical prediction.     

Estimation of fatigue crack growth behavior for small-sized C-shaped inside edge-notched tension (CIET) specimen using compliance technique

Being restricted by the relative larger size requirement, traditional and standard fracture specimens are not applicable for the estimation of fatigue crack growth behavior of some very finite-sized components and precious materials. This study develops a small-sized C-shaped inside edge-notched tension (CIET) specimen which has an advantage of specimen minimization and a wide range of adaptability. A systemic compliance technique for estimating fatigue crack growth behavior of CIET specimen has been successfully constructed and experimentally verified. Groups of fatigue crack propagation rate tests of both CIET specimen and CT specimen for 5083-H112 aluminum alloy were carried out. The resulted da/dN ∼ ΔK curves are heavy affected by specimen configuration and load ratio, and the difference between these da/dN ∼ ΔK curves has been successfully removed by introducing the correction of plasticity-induced crack closure effect. Consequently, the feasibility of CIET specimen for estimating fatigue crack propagation behavior for small-sized components and precious materials has been evidently confirmed.     

Structural fatigue crack growth on a representative volume element under cyclic strain behavior

By introducing parameters λ and ω into the crack tip field, a unified cyclic stress and strain field was first formulated by using the Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren (HRR) field and the Rice-Kujawski-Ellyin (RKE) field under plane stress states in the present study. On the basis of the plastic strain energy and the linear damage accumulation, two fatigue crack growth models without any artificial parameters were then proposed from a representative volume element of cyclic strain behavior. The fatigue crack growth model included parameters λ and ω which showed the effect of two singularity fields. In addition, a simplified structural fatigue crack growth model was eventually established in terms of the fatigue life of each point on the crack front and the non-self-similar shape evolution law. Finally, the predictions of models are compared with the experimental data and the agreement is found to be fairly good.     

Characterisation of crack-tip fields in biaxial fatigue based on high-magnification image correlation and electro-spray technique

This work presents a novel methodology for characterising fatigue cracks under biaxial conditions on a low carbon steel. It allows both short crack and early propagation stages to be studied in tubular specimens. Short crack growth is studied with a long-distance microscope acquiring images of the bare metal surface. Results showed oscillations in crack growth rate due to microstructure. Early propagation stage is studied with high magnification Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique for measuring displacement and strain crack-tip fields. By applying micro-speckle pattern on the metal surface it is possible to achieve high magnification for DIC technique. Ultra-fine black and white speckles were created by electro-spray technique. The validity of this novel technique is demonstrated by direct comparison with extensometer measurements, under combined tension–compression and torsion conditions. It was also possible to estimate satisfactorily the mixed-mode stress intensity factor.     

M1080B无心外圆磨床改进

M1080B无心外圆磨床砂轮及导轮宽度较窄,磨削轴承套圈外圆时,磨削效率低,托板架调整较为繁琐、皮带打滑、磨损较为严重。针对上述问题,提出了相应的解决办法,提高了磨削效率。